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雙語 | 小年到十五的春節(jié)習(xí)俗,傳播中華傳統(tǒng)文化

2020-02-01

 

春節(jié),也被稱為農(nóng)歷新年。對(duì)于中國人來說,這是規(guī)模最大,最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。就如同西方的圣誕節(jié)一樣,春節(jié)是一家團(tuán)聚的日子。
 
過年吃什么?

 

喜慶的中國年怎么能少得了“吃”這個(gè)主題?年節(jié)里的美味大多是和家人好友一同分享的,過年必吃美食包括年糕、長面條還有餃子。
 
Food is a big part of Chinese New Year celebrations, and many meals are eaten with family and friends. Some traditional dishes for the holidays are nian gao cake, long noodles, and dumplings.

 

過年要大掃除嗎?

 

 
不等年來到,家家戶戶都打掃得干干凈凈。除夕前,各式清掃工具也都妥妥收起來,因?yàn)椴簧偃苏J(rèn)為新年掃除會(huì)把好運(yùn)也掃走的。
 
Homes are cleaned top to bottom before the beginning of the new year, and all cleaning equipment is put away before New Year's Eve because it's believed that good fortune may be swept away if cleaning is done on New Year's Day.

 

過年跟誰玩

 

 

中國的新年和春節(jié)放假講求的是家人團(tuán)聚,共慶佳節(jié)。家人好友歡聚一堂,共享美味。人們還會(huì)祭拜已故的親人,孩子們則忙著收禮物,幫著節(jié)前打掃,盼著過正月十五元宵節(jié)。
 
The Chinese New Year's Eve and New Year's Day holidays are very family-centered celebrations. Many dinners are held with family and friends, deceased relatives are honoured, and children receive gifts and participate in traditions like cleaning ahead of the celebration and the Lantern Festival.

 

過年咋布置?

 

 

過年了各家的果盤里少不了橙子和桔子(拜年的人也會(huì)送),糖碟里會(huì)盛著八類果脯,還會(huì)用綠植鮮花來增添節(jié)日喜氣,新年祝福也要用紅紙書寫。
 
Before New Year's Day, homes are decorated with trays of oranges and tangerines (which are also brought by visitors during the holiday), a candy tray with eight kinds of dried sweet fruits, and live plants and vases of fresh flowers. Wishes for the new year are written on red paper.
 

 

過年穿什么

 

 

紅色是過年的主打色,它象征著光明和幸福的未來。不僅大家喜歡過節(jié)穿紅色,親朋好友,特別是小孩子和單身汪還會(huì)收到長輩的紅包以求好運(yùn)。
 
Red is a key colour for New Year's celebrations, as it symbolizes a bright and happy future. People wear red clothing during the festivities, explains Colour Lovers, and children, unmarried friends, and close relatives are given little red envelopes with money inside for good luck.

 

過年為啥放鞭炮?

 

 

關(guān)于過年還有個(gè)傳說,中國的新年跟打怪有關(guān)。“年”其實(shí)是神話中的一種怪獸,會(huì)在新年的第一天來吃小孩子、牲口和糧食。為了保護(hù)大家不受傷害,村民們將食物放在門口供“年”享用。因?yàn)?ldquo;年”懼怕紅色和炮竹,過年大家便會(huì)掛紅燈籠,放鞭炮。
 
Legend holds that the Chinese New Year began with a battle against a mythical beast called the Nian, who would come on the first day of the new year to eat children, livestock, and crops. In order to protect themselves from the Nian, villages put food in front of their doors believing that the creature would eat that and leave everything else alone. It was believed that the Nian was afraid of the colour red and firecrackers, so people would hang red lanterns outside and set off firecrackers.

 

從小年到正月十五都有啥講究?
 
Spring Festival, which falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, is the most important festival in China. It's a time for family reunion, like Christmas in the West.
 
農(nóng)歷正月初一開始,就到了中國最重要的節(jié)日——春節(jié)。人們闔家團(tuán)圓,就如同西方的圣誕節(jié)一樣。
 
Traditionally, Spring Festival starts in the early days of the 12th month of the lunar calendar and lasts until the middle of the 1st lunar month of the following year. With the modernization of China, some traditional customs are still followed today, but others have fallen by the wayside.
 
傳統(tǒng)意義上的春節(jié)始于農(nóng)歷臘月(即十二月)初,一直持續(xù)到來年的正月(即一月)中旬。隨著中國的現(xiàn)代化,一些傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗被保留了下來,而另一些卻逐漸消失在我們的視野中。
 
 

臘月二十三:送灶上天

 

 

 

人們在小年這一天祭拜灶神,焚燒灶神的畫像,意味著送灶神上天,稟報(bào)這家人在過去一年的德行。接著人們會(huì)在灶旁貼上新的畫像,意味著再把灶神接回來。

 

臘月二十四:掃舍去塵

 

 

 

 

臘月二十五:推磨做豆腐

 

 

 

臘月二十六:殺豬割年肉

 

 

The folk saying goes: "butcher a pig and get some meat to prepare for the New Year feast" on the 26th day of the 12th month in the Lunar calendar.
 
中國有一句俗語:“殺豬割年肉。”農(nóng)歷臘月二十六正是殺豬割年肉的日子。
 
In the old days, many people could not afford meat and they saved the best for the New Year feast. People's livelihoods have improved greatly and meat is now a very common dish in daily diet, but the Chinese still prefer having meat during festival season.
 
舊時(shí)許多人買不起肉,所以就把一年中最好的東西留到新年團(tuán)圓飯吃。如今人們的生活質(zhì)量得到了極大的改善,一日三餐里肉食已經(jīng)再常見不過,但春節(jié)期間人們?nèi)匀荤姁廴馐场?/div>

 

臘月二十七:宰雞趕集

 

 

People kill chickens and go to market to buy provisions for the Spring Festival on the 27th day of the 12th month in the Lunar Calendar. With the approach of the Lunar New Year, Chinese people prepare ingredients and food they need for the New Year feast. Chicken is an indispensible dish.
 
臘月二十七是人們動(dòng)手殺雞、上市場打年貨的日子。農(nóng)歷新年即將到來,中國人開始準(zhǔn)備新年團(tuán)圓飯所需的食材,而雞肉是必不可少的一道菜。

 

臘月二十八:題寫桃符

 

 

After people have cleaned the house and started preparing food, they begin decorating their homes creating an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity on the 28th day of the 12th month in the Lunar Calendar. Decorations include spring couplets, New Year pictures, posters of door gods and paper-cuts.

 

掃舍除塵、采購食材之后,人們開始于臘月二十八日裝飾房舍,營造喜氣洋洋的節(jié)日氛圍。各色裝飾品包括春聯(lián)、年畫、門神貼畫和剪紙。

 

臘月二十九:上供請(qǐng)祖

 

 

On the 29th day of the 12th lunar month people visit the graves of their ancestors to honor their memory. It is said Spring Festival originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC-c. 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the start of a new one.

 

臘月二十九,人們動(dòng)身掃墓,拜祭祖先。據(jù)說春節(jié)始于商朝(公元前1600年至公元前1100年),那時(shí)人們在辭舊迎新之際祭祀神靈和祖先。

 

大年三十:除夕守歲

 

 

Chinese people are supposed to stay up the whole night on the 30th day of the 12th month in the Lunar Calendar

 

臘月三十,人們熬夜守歲。

 

In Chinese mythology, a monster called nian would come out to harm people on New Year's Eve, so people get together, staying up and chatting, hoping for a peaceful passage of time. The custom of staying up (Chinese: shou tai sui) symbolizes the warding off of all diseases and disasters and wishing good luck in the New Year.

 

中國神話里,一頭叫“年”的妖怪會(huì)在新年的前一夜跑出來傷害人類,因此人們聚在一起,守歲聊天,祈禱能平安度過這一晚。因此,中國人將新年前夕熬夜的習(xí)俗稱為“守太歲”,意味著遠(yuǎn)離疾病災(zāi)禍,祈禱新年好運(yùn)。

 

Chinese people attach great importance to the Spring Festival Eve, when all family members eat dinner together.

 
中國人十分重視除夕(即新年前一夜),彼時(shí)闔家團(tuán)圓,共享團(tuán)圓年夜飯。

 

大年初一:金雞報(bào)曉

 

 

 
The first day of Chinese New Year, also known as the "day of chicken", officially begins at midnight.
 
午夜零點(diǎn)時(shí)分,人們正式跨入新年第一天,也叫“金雞報(bào)曉”。
 
It is traditional to light firecrackers and make as much of a din as possible to chase off the evil monster nian.
 
傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗是,人們會(huì)燃放鞭炮,盡可能制造大的喧鬧聲趕走邪惡的妖怪“年”。
 
Most importantly the oldest and most senior members are visited with the visits strengthening family kinship.
 
最重要的習(xí)俗是,人們會(huì)拜訪家中最年長的長輩,以加強(qiáng)家人之間的親情。
 
Senior members of the family hand out red envelopes containing cash (Chinese: ya sui qian), a form of blessing and to suppress aging and the challenges of the coming year, to junior members of the family, mostly children and teenagers.
 
而家中的長輩會(huì)給晚輩(主要是兒童和青少年)紅包(中國人稱之壓歲錢),代表著對(duì)晚輩的祝福,也是祈禱自己在來年身體康健、萬事如意。

 

大年初二:金吠報(bào)春

 

 

On the second day, married daughters usually go back to their own family to visit parents, relatives and close friends. Traditionally, married daughters didn't have the opportunity to visit their birth families frequently.
 
初二,出嫁的女兒會(huì)回娘家給父母、親人和密友拜年。舊時(shí),女兒出嫁后拜訪娘家父母的機(jī)會(huì)并不多。
 
Some believe the second day is also the birthday of all dogs and remember them with special treats.
 
還有一些人認(rèn)為初二是所有犬類的生日,因此要給它們好吃的以示慶祝。

 

 

大年初三:肥豬拱門

 

 

On the third day, an old saying goes: "A fat pig at the door", meaning the arrival of good luck and happiness.
 
初三,有一句俗語“肥豬拱門”,預(yù)示著好運(yùn)和幸福的到來。
 
Traditionally, the third day is known as "Chigou's Day". Chigou literally means "red dog", an epithet of "the God of Blazing Wrath", and it is considered an unlucky day to have guests or go visiting.
 
初三還有一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)俗稱是“赤狗日”。赤狗的意思是紅色的狗,是熛怒之神的綽號(hào),因此人們認(rèn)為這一天不宜接客或出訪。
 
Folklore says the 3rd day is also "rat marriage day" (Chinese: lao shu qu qin), so people often go to bed earlier to give rats time for their wedding.
 
民間還傳說初三是老鼠娶親日,所以人們晚上會(huì)早早上床歇息,騰出時(shí)間給老鼠們成親。

 

大年初四:三羊開泰

 

 

 
The old saying "three rams bring bliss" is connected with the fourth day, which says that by making a good beginning a happy end comes.
 
初四則和俗語“三羊開泰”有關(guān),意思是歲首吉利就預(yù)示著歲末幸福。
 
According to folklore, it is also the day to welcome back the Kitchen God. On this day, the Kitchen God would check the household and therefore people should not leave home.
 
民間還傳說這一日是迎回灶神的日子。這一天灶神會(huì)清點(diǎn)每家的人數(shù),所以切忌外出離家。

 

大年初五:艮牛耕春

 

 

The fifth day is also called the "day of cow". According to Chinese folklore, the first seven days of the 1st lunar month are respectively called "day of chicken", "day of dog", "day of pig", "day of sheep", "day of cow", "day of horse" and "day of man". When creating all living beings on earth, Nu Wa, a goddess in Chinese mythology, created the six creatures before human beings.
 
初五也被稱為“牛日”。民間傳說正月頭七天分別是“雞日”、“犬日”、“豬日”、“羊日”、“牛日”、“馬日”和“人日”。中國傳統(tǒng)神話中的女神女媧在創(chuàng)造凡間生物時(shí)就是遵循了這個(gè)順序,在創(chuàng)造人類之前先創(chuàng)造了這六種生物。
 
The fifth day is also the God of Fortune's birthday and people will celebrate this day with a large banquet. This day is also commonly known as the Festival of Po Wu, literally breaking five. According to custom, it is believed that many New Year taboos can be broken on this day.
 
初五還是財(cái)神的生日,人們會(huì)舉辦盛宴以示慶祝。這天也被稱為“破五日”,字面意思是打破數(shù)字五。根據(jù)習(xí)俗,許多新年禁忌過此日皆可破。

 

大年初六:馬到成功

 

 

On the sixth day, people make wishes for "ma dao cheng gong", win success immediately upon arrival.
 
初六,人們祈禱“馬到成功”,意思是成功馬上就會(huì)到來。
 
According to tradition, families usually send away the Ghost of Poverty on this day. To send away him, Chinese people will usually throw away their ragged clothes, rubbish and other dirty things.
 
各家各戶在初六有送“窮鬼”的傳統(tǒng)。人們會(huì)扔掉破爛的衣服、垃圾和其他臟東西,預(yù)示送走窮鬼。
 
By doing this Chinese people wish to send away poverty and welcome the beautiful days and good luck in the New Year.
 
這個(gè)習(xí)俗寓意趕走貧窮,新的一年迎來好日子和好運(yùn)氣。

 

大年初七:人壽年豐

 

 

The seventh day is commonly referred as the "day of man", and in most parts of China people will eat noodles as they symbolize longevity in Chinese culture.
 
初七是“人日”,中國各地人民都會(huì)吃面條,因?yàn)槊鏃l在中國文化里寓意長壽。

 

大年初八:放生祈福

 

 

The eighth day is believed to be the birthday of millet, an important crop in ancient China.
 
初八被認(rèn)為是中國古代一種重要糧食——谷的生日。
 
According to folk proverbs, if this day is bright and clear the year will be a harvest year; however, if this day is cloudy or even rainy, the year will suffer from poor harvest.
 
根據(jù)民間俗語,這一天如果晴朗明亮就預(yù)示著大豐收,而如果多云甚至下雨就預(yù)示著今年會(huì)歉收。
 
Meanwhile, people also set free captive animals on this day, with a blessing for all living beings to flourish in the New Year.
 
此外,這一天人們還會(huì)放生動(dòng)物,祝福新的一年里所有生物都繁榮興旺,生生不息。

 

大年初九:玉皇天誕

 

 

The ninth day is called Ti Kong Dan, or the birthday of the Jade Emperor. There will be grand ceremonies in Taoist temples on this day, and ordinary families also offer sacrifices to the Jade Emperor.
 
初九被稱為“天公誕”,即玉帝的生日。這一天,道家寺廟會(huì)舉辦華麗隆重的慶典,尋常人家也會(huì)祭祀玉帝。

 

大年初十:祭石感恩

 

 

The 10th day is believed to be the birthday of the God of Stone which played a very important role in the agricultural society of ancient China.
 
初十被認(rèn)為是石頭神的生日,在古代中國的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)占有非常重要的地位。
 
On this day, people are forbidden to move any stone, including stone rollers, stone mills and herb grinders, and should not cut into a mountain for rock or build a house with rocks, otherwise bad things will happen to the crops.
 
這一天切忌移動(dòng)石頭,包括石碾、石磨、研磨器具等等,也不能開山采石或用巖石建房子,否則這年莊稼就會(huì)遭殃。
 
People also burn incense and candles for the stones and offer pancake to the God of Stone.
 
人們還會(huì)焚香、點(diǎn)蠟燭以供奉石頭,向石頭神上貢烤餅。

 

正月十一:祭奉紫姑

 

 

People make offerings to Zi Gu, the guardian angel for weak women, on the 11th day.
 
正月十一,人們供奉紫姑,紫姑是可憐女子的守護(hù)神。
 
This day is also for Yuefu (fathers-in-law) to entertain Nuxu (sons-in-law).
 
這一天也是岳父宴請(qǐng)子婿的日子。
 
In many areas, after this day, people will start preparing for the upcoming Lantern Festival which is on the 15th day of the 1st month.
 
許多地方在這天之后會(huì)開始準(zhǔn)備即將到來的燈節(jié)——正月十五。

 

正月十二:搭建燈棚

 

 

Families buy lanterns and build a lantern shack on the 12th day.
 
家家戶戶會(huì)買燈籠,然后在正月十二建一個(gè)燈籠棚。

 

正月十三:灶下點(diǎn)燈

 

 

On the 13th day, preparations for Lantern Festival continue.
 
正月十三,繼續(xù)準(zhǔn)備元宵節(jié)。

 

正月十四:娘娘誕辰

 

 

The 14th day is the birthday of the Goddess of Linshui, who is believed to protect women from dying in childbirth. People make offerings to the goddess on this day.
 
正月十四是臨水娘娘的生日,臨水娘娘是拯救難產(chǎn)婦女的神仙。人們在這一天供奉臨水娘娘。

 

正月十五:夜照田蠶

 

 

The 15th day of the 1st lunar month is commonly celebrated as Yuan Xiao Jie, or Lantern Festival. The festivities of the Chinese New Year reach a climax on this day.
 
正月十五一般被稱為元宵節(jié)或者燈節(jié),中國新年慶?;顒?dòng)在這一天達(dá)到頂峰。
 
Since early morning, dragon and lion dancers parade on streets crowded with people. In the evening families go out together to enjoy the full moon and appreciate colorful lanterns and also solve lantern riddles.
 
一大早,街上就擠滿了人群,觀看舞龍舞獅。晚上,全家人會(huì)一同外出享受滿月,欣賞繽紛多彩的燈籠,一起猜燈謎。
 
Chinese people also eat yuan xiao, a traditional food made of glutinous rice flour which symbolizes family togetherness and reunion.
 
人們還會(huì)吃一種由糯米做成的傳統(tǒng)美食——元宵,寓意闔家團(tuán)圓。
 
This day officially marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations.
 
這一天往往為中國新年慶?;顒?dòng)劃上句點(diǎn)。

 

最后祝大家2020年

 

新年快樂

Happy Chinese New Year!

 

恭喜發(fā)財(cái)

Wishing you prosperity and wealth!

 

恭賀新禧

Best wishes for the year to come!

 

五福臨門

May fortune come to you!

 

財(cái)源廣進(jìn)

May wealth come generously to you!

 

萬事如意

May everything go as you hope!

 

心想事成

May all your wishes come true!

 

健康長壽

Wishing you longevity and health!

 

大吉大利

Great fortune and favour!

 

迎春納福

May you welcome happiness with the spring!

 

 

 

 

 

 

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